IL-13→Interleukin-8→NAD→poly-ADP-ribose

• 12424628(IL-13): Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with the -1055 IL-13 promoter polymorphism.

  IL-13 is strongly implicated in the development of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• 8564092(Interleukin-8): Differences in interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in induced sputum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma.

  Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are characterized by chronic airway inflammation.

• 12853070(NAD): Systemic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress in COPD patients.

  Oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) strongly suggest a role for the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1 , E.C. 2.4.2.30) in the disease pathophysiology.

• 8080500(poly-ADP-ribose): Nitric oxide activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in neurotoxicity.

  Poly (adenosine 5 ' - diphosphoribose) synthetase (PARS) is a nuclear enzyme which , when activated by DNA strand breaks , adds up to 100 adenosine 5 ' - diphosphoribose (ADP-ribose) units to nuclear proteins such as histones and PARS itself.