IL-13→Receptors, Cytokine→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→poly-ADP-ribose

• 12483208(IL-13): Cytokine traps: multi-component, high-affinity blockers of cytokine action.

  Traps potently block cytokines in vitro and in vivo and represent a substantial advance in creating novel therapeutic candidates for cytokine-driven diseases.

• 18281888(Receptors, Cytokine): Expression of cytokines and cytokine receptors in human Schwann cells.

  The secreted cytokines may play a role in leukocyte recruitment and exacerbation of axonal injury process.

• 8903852(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergistically mediate neurotoxicity: involvement of nitric oxide and of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.

  Blockade of NO production with a NO synthase inhibitor was accompanied by a marked reduction (about 45 %) of neuronal injury , suggesting that NO production by astrocytes plays a role in cytokine-induced neurotoxicity.

• 1280112(poly-ADP-ribose): Induction of nitric oxide synthase in L929 cells by tumour-necrosis factor alpha is prevented by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.

  These data suggest that the inhibitors prevent induction of NO synthase by interference with RNA and protein synthesis.