MMP12→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→NAD→poly-ADP-ribose

• 18619044(MMP12): [Polymorphism in promoter regions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP9, and MMP12) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients]

  Our studies have shown that the genotype and allele frequencies of polymorphisms G (-1607) GG of MMPI gene , C (-1562) T of MMP9 gene and A (-82) G of MMP12 gene do not significantly differ in the samples of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (N = 318) and healthy controls (N = 319) dwelling in Bashkortostan Republic.

• 18488438(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): Systemic inflammation after inspiratory loading in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  OBJECTIVE : Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present systemic inflammation.

• 12853070(NAD): Systemic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress in COPD patients.

  Oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) strongly suggest a role for the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1 , E.C. 2.4.2.30) in the disease pathophysiology.

• 8080500(poly-ADP-ribose): Nitric oxide activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in neurotoxicity.

  Poly (adenosine 5 ' - diphosphoribose) synthetase (PARS) is a nuclear enzyme which , when activated by DNA strand breaks , adds up to 100 adenosine 5 ' - diphosphoribose (ADP-ribose) units to nuclear proteins such as histones and PARS itself.