IFN-gamma→NF-kappa B→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→poly-ADP-ribose

• 19447514(IFN-gamma): Late generation lentiviral vectors: evaluation of inflammatory potential in human airway epithelial cells.

  In contrast , an adenovirus-derived vector strongly activated NF-kappaB and different transcripts such as those of ICAM-1 , IL-8 , RANTES , IP-10 , TNF-alpha , IL-6 , IL-1 beta.

• 16702013(NF-kappa B): Streptococcus pyogenes induces epithelial inflammatory responses through NF-kappaB/MAPK signaling pathways.

  The increases in mRNAs for IL-8 and IL-6 were abrogated by addition of NF-kappaB and MAP kinase inhibitors , suggesting that the upregulation of IL-8 and IL-6 is mediated through NF-kappaB and MAP kinase signaling pathways.

• 14669994(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): Modulation of the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the production of inflammatory mediators by ADP-ribosylation inhibitors.

  Here we have investigated the mechanism by which ADP-ribosylation inhibitors block signaling pathways induced in macrophages.

• 6309564(poly-ADP-ribose): ADP-ribosylation regulates the phosphorylation of histones by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

  Therefore , the possibility that ADP-ribosylation may regulate the phosphorylation of histones phosphorylation in nuclei warrants further investigation.