SFRP1→Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor→Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A→poly-ADP-ribose

• 19543515(SFRP1): Differential methylation pattern of ID4, SFRP1, and SHP1 between acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia.

  Taken together , these results suggest that these methylation-controlled genes may have different roles in AML and CML , and thus , may act as a biological marker of AML.

• 2197515(Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor): Mechanisms of growth factor expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

  Alternatively , AML may represent a heterogenous group of leukemias with different etiology but similar phenotype.

• 11380392(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A): Increased bone marrow vascularization in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a possible role for vascular endothelial growth factor.

  This might be in part a result of the heterogeneous pattern of angiogenic factors produced by AML cells.

• 11115148(poly-ADP-ribose): Lactate elicits vascular endothelial growth factor from macrophages: a possible alternative to hypoxia.

  Macrophages respond to various stimuli to produce angiogenic factors but few mechanistic details are known.