MMP12→Interleukin-8→NAD→poly-ADP-ribose

• 19731200(MMP12): Matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms: lack of association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Brazilian population.

  There are many candidate genes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• 16007706(Interleukin-8): Polymorphisms in the interleukin-8 gene in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  Airway inflammation is the main pathophysiological feature of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• 12853070(NAD): Systemic poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress in COPD patients.

  Oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) strongly suggest a role for the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1 , E.C. 2.4.2.30) in the disease pathophysiology.

• 6458707(poly-ADP-ribose): Effects of nicotinamide on NAD and poly(ADP-ribose) metabolism in DNA-damaged human lymphocytes.

  Nicotinamide also reduced the burst of poly (ADP-ribose) synthesis caused by MNNG treatment.