matrix metalloproteinase→Dexamethasone→Niacinamide→poly-ADP-ribose

• 20035078(matrix+metalloproteinase): Blood-brain barrier disruption in humans is independently associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase-9.

  CONCLUSIONS : Baseline MMP-9 was a significant predictor of HARM at 24-hour follow-up , supporting the hypothesis that MMP-9 is associated with BBB disruption.

• 10526099(Dexamethasone): Early appearance of activated matrix metalloproteinase-9 and blood-brain barrier disruption in mice after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

  The 88-kDa activated MMP-9 was absent from the control specimens , while it appeared 3 h after transient ischemia by zymography.

• 12419488(Niacinamide): The effects of nicotinamide on energy metabolism following transient focal cerebral ischemia in Wistar rats.

  This study examined the effects of nicotinamide on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine (NAD) levels and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) (poly (ADP-ribose)) polymerase activity following ischemia and reperfusion in ketamine pretreated rats.

• 3000421(poly-ADP-ribose): Nonenzymic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribosylation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose).

  Poly (adenosine 5 ' - diphosphate ribose) (poly (ADP-ribose)) is spontaneously ADP-ribosylated when it is incubated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , especially in 0.5 M NaCl and at an alkaline pH..