IL-1 alpha→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→NF-kappa B→poly-ADP-ribose

• 7943416(IL-1+alpha): Synergistic effect of rhTNF-alpha and rhIL-1 alpha in inducing anorexia in rats.

  Our results show that rhIL-1 alpha and rhTNF-alpha , when administered concurrently , had a synergistic effect in inducing anorexia , suggesting that low concentrations of these cytokines as produced endogenously may have potential effects on other biological functions in vivo.

• 9343439(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): Synergistic activation of NF-kappaB by tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon via enhanced I kappaB alpha degradation and de novo I kappaBbeta degradation.

  Correspondingly , cotreatment of cells with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma leads to persistent activation of NF-kappaB and to potent activation of kappaB-dependent gene expression , which may explain , at least in part , the synergy observed between these cytokines , as well as their involvement in the generation of an effective immune response.

• 10494847(NF-kappa B): A role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in NF-kappaB transcriptional activation.

  Here we show that poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) is required for specific NF-kappaB transcriptional activation in vivo.

• 11420111(poly-ADP-ribose): Characterization of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase from Crithidia fasciculata: enzyme inhibition by beta-lapachone.

  Crithidia fasciculata poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been isolated and partially purified.