IL-1 beta→Interleukin-6→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→STAT2

• 18819899(IL-1+beta): [Relationship of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factors-beta and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms with serum lipoprotein level in Chinese Han population in Guangdong Province]

  CONCLUSION : The polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines are related to the serum lipoprotein level in these subjects.

• 12938195(Interleukin-6): Polymorphisms in tumour necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, interleukin-10, interleukin-6, interferon-gamma, and outcome of hepatitis C virus infection.

  Cytokine genes are polymorphic at specific sites , and certain mutations located within coding/regulatory regions have been shown to affect the overall expression and secretion of cytokines.

• 16051844(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): Intrinsic functional dysregulation of CD4 T cells occurs rapidly following persistent viral infection.

  Herein , we illustrate that virus-specific CD4 T cells are functionally inactivated early during the transition into viral persistence and fail to produce effector cytokines (i.e. , interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) , thereby compromising an efficient and effective antiviral immune response.

• 15723812(STAT2): Viruses evade the immune system through type I interferon-mediated STAT2-dependent, but STAT1-independent, signaling.

  Thus , viruses subvert the known antiviral effect of type I IFN through STAT2-specific signaling to benefit their survival.