IL-1 beta→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→BRCA1

• 19231998(IL-1+beta): IL-1beta augments TNF-alpha-mediated inflammatory responses from lung epithelial cells.

  mRNA expression of both receptors was unaltered by IL-1beta up to 24 h or in combination with TNF-alpha indicating effects were post-transcriptional.

• 12191512(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): A new method for detecting TNF-alpha-secreting cells using direct-immunofluorescence surface membrane stainings.

  Thereafter , surface TNF-alpha expression on both T-cells and monocytes progressively increased for up to 3 and 4 h , respectively.

• 14572152(BRCA1): Defect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production and TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1-expression in BRCA1 mutations carriers.

  Previous studies from our laboratory have indicated impaired production of TNF-alpha by monocytes as well as decreased expression of ICAM-1 on monocytes derived from patients with various stages of breast cancer.