IL-1 beta→Interleukin-1→Interleukin-1beta→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→JunD

• 19274529(IL-1+beta): Interleukin-1beta gene (IL-1beta) polymorphisms (SNP -511 and SNP +3953) in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) among the Polish population.

  CONCLUSIONS : No association between the IL-1beta polymorphisms and the TAO existed , so those polymorphisms are not suitable genetic markers for TAO.

• 11476790(Interleukin-1): A polymorphism of the interleukin-1beta gene and idiopathic recurrent miscarriage.

  Genotype frequencies and IL-1beta serum levels were not significantly different between the study group and the control group.

• 18225559(Interleukin-1beta): The interleukin-1 beta gene polymorphism +3953 C/T is not associated with risk for oral cancer.

  BACKGROUND : Elevated serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) have been previously observed in patients with oral cancer.

• 19528505(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): Association of polymorphisms in Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Beta genes with increased risk for oral cancer.

  These findings are in accordance with previously observed high TNF-alpha levels in serum of patients with oral cancer in comparison to healthy controls.

• 9755059(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): NF-kappaB inactivation converts a hepatocyte cell line TNF-alpha response from proliferation to apoptosis.

  Apoptosis was blocked by caspase inhibitors , and TNF-alpha treatment led to activation of caspase-2 , caspase-3 , and caspase-8 only when NF-kappaB activation was blocked.

• 11526502(JunD): Functional cooperation between JunD and NF-kappaB in rat hepatocytes.

  AP-1 and NF-kappaB are rapidly activated during liver regeneration.