IFN-gamma→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→NF-kappa B→BRCA1

• 19643162(IFN-gamma): Suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 inhibits Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced apoptosis and signalling in beta cells.

  TNFalpha in combination with interleukin-1-beta (IL-1beta) and/or interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) induces specific destruction of the pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells.

• 10497896(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): Induction of TNFalpha in macrophages by vanadate is dependent on activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB and free radical reactions.

  This is supported by evidence that inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by SN50 , a specific NF-kappaB inhibitor , resulted in a decrease in the TNFalpha production.

• 19273176(NF-kappa B): Increase in transglutaminase 2 expression is associated with NF-kappaB activation in breast cancer tissues.

  Activation of NF-kappaB is reported in breast cancers.

• 20346095(BRCA1): Are estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers sporadic?

  This has led to the idea that estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers may be incidental or sporadic in nature and not as a direct result of BRCA1 dysfunction.