IFN-gamma→Toll-Like Receptors→Interleukin-8→ATF2

• 19773677(IFN-gamma): Gene polymorphism of IFNG +874 T/A and TLR4 +896 A/G and recurrent infections and wheezing in toddlers with history of bronchiolitis.

  Cytokine and TLR4 polymorphisms and their association with the infection history of 129 children hospitalized for bronchiolitis during the first 6 months of life were analyzed.

• 18809506(Toll-Like Receptors): Toll-like receptor (TLR2, TLR4 and TLR5) gene polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori infection in children with and without duodenal ulcer.

  Our aim was to investigate whether TLR4 , TLR2 , and TLR5 polymorphisms were associated with H. pylori susceptibility and risk for duodenal ulcer in children.

• 15627645(Interleukin-8): Genetic polymorphism of interleukin-8 (IL-8) is associated with Helicobacter pylori-induced duodenal ulcer.

  RESULTS : No significant correlation could be revealed between the TNF-alpha and CD14 promoter polymorphisms and the clinical outcome of H. pylori infection.

• 11377390(ATF2): Mechanism for Helicobacter pylori stimulation of interleukin-8 production in a gastric epithelial cell line (MKN 28): roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase and interleukin-1beta.

  The combination of H. pylori and IL-1beta additively stimulated IL-8 production.