IFN-gamma→Interleukin-6→Interleukin-8→ATF2

• 19773677(IFN-gamma): Gene polymorphism of IFNG +874 T/A and TLR4 +896 A/G and recurrent infections and wheezing in toddlers with history of bronchiolitis.

  Cytokine and TLR4 polymorphisms and their association with the infection history of 129 children hospitalized for bronchiolitis during the first 6 months of life were analyzed.

• 18948841(Interleukin-6): Lipopolysaccharide induces IL-6 production in respiratory syncytial virus-infected airway epithelial cells through the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis in young children.

• 7626291(Interleukin-8): Oxidant tone regulates IL-8 production in epithelium infected with respiratory syncytial virus.

  Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important respiratory pathogen that preferentially infects epithelial cells in the airway , and causes a local inflammatory response.

• 18354227(ATF2): Molecular characterization of Helicobacter pylori VacA induction of IL-8 in U937 cells reveals a prominent role for p38MAPK in activating transcription factor-2, cAMP response element binding protein, and NF-kappaB activation.

  To assess the ability of H. pylori to modulate the production of inflammatory mediators , we examined the mechanisms by which VacA enhanced IL-8 production by promonocytic U937 cells , which demonstrated the greatest VacA-induced IL-8 release of the cells tested.