IFN-gamma→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→Interleukin-4→c-fos

• 19773677(IFN-gamma): Gene polymorphism of IFNG +874 T/A and TLR4 +896 A/G and recurrent infections and wheezing in toddlers with history of bronchiolitis.

  Cytokine and TLR4 polymorphisms and their association with the infection history of 129 children hospitalized for bronchiolitis during the first 6 months of life were analyzed.

• 19849941(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): [Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-308G/A and interleukin-6-174G/C gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis]

  Compared to the children carrying G allele , the children with A allele demonstrated a 2.071-fold increased risk of RSV bronchiolitis (OR = 2.071 , p (0.05).

• 12425832(Interleukin-4): [Effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection on T-helper cytokines expression in Balb/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin]

  METHODS : Forty mice were randomly divided into four groups : (1) the control group : nonsensitized , noninfected ; (2) the RSV group : nonsensitized , infected ; (3) the OVA group : sensitized , noninfected ; and (4) the OVA + RSV group : sensitized , infected (RSV 6.5 x 10 (6) PFU nasal drip).

• 19693978(c-fos): [Tramadol inhibits c-fos expression in spinal cord dorsal horn and serum IL-6 levels induced by plantar incision in rats]

  Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups : Sham group (Group C) , control group (Group I , pretreatment with saline 5 ml) , three tramadol pretreatment groups (Group T1 , T10 and T20 , pretreated with 1 mg/kg , 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg tramadol , respectively) and one tramadol treatment group (Group PT10 , treated with tramadol 10 mg/kg immediately after operation).