IFN-gamma→Estrogen Receptor alpha→Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A→CREB

• 20038203(IFN-gamma): Rare human IFNG variants.

  After the identification of the human interferon-gamma (IFNG) variant G54D (c. 287G) A , ss105106770) in DNA samples from Ghana , West Africa , systematic mutation screening of IFNG by the LightCycler ((R)) - based procedure of high-resolution melting (HRM) revealed additional rare mutations.

• 11004670(Estrogen Receptor alpha): Variant estrogen receptor alpha mRNAs in human breast cancer specimens.

  This variant might reflect more widespread damage to the genome in this breast cancer specimen.

• 16267616(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A): Activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by the ER-alpha variant, ERDelta3.

  ERDelta3 , a variant frequently overexpressed in breast cancer , may significantly contribute to the production of VEGF thus resulting in enhanced tumor growth in vivo.

• 20067582(CREB): CREB activation mediates VEGF-A's protection of neurons and cerebral vascular endothelial cells.

  We found that VEGF-A activated VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) , phosphorylated CREB in neurons and endothelial cells , and protected against HI , and inhibiting VEGFR-2 before VEGF-A reduced the protective effect of VEGF-A in rat pups.