IFN-gamma→Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha→HLA-DR Antigens→ATF3

• 20348497(IFN-gamma): TLR9 polymorphisms are associated with altered IFN-gamma levels in children with cerebral malaria.

  The TLR2 , 4 , and 9 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequencies and serum interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were assessed in Ugandan children with cerebral malaria (CM , N = 65) and uncomplicated malaria (UM , N = 52).

• 15061799(Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha): Frequencies of the tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms in the Korean population.

  Allele frequencies of each polymorphism were determined and compared with those previously reported in other populations.

• 9587743(HLA-DR Antigens): TNFB gene polymorphism in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: association with HLA-DR alleles.

  In this study we look at the risk associated with this polymorphism in a study of 69 insulin-dependent diabetes patients and 119 healthy controls.

• 19254572(ATF3): Adipocyte CREB promotes insulin resistance in obesity.

  These results indicate that adipocyte CREB provides an early signal in the progression to type 2 diabetes.