TNF-alpha→Transcription Factor AP-1→Transcription Factors→JunD

• 20644312(TNF-alpha): Comparison of Helicobacter pylori and Escherichia coli in induction of TNF-alpha mRNA from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

  MATERIALS AND METHODS : H pylori was isolated from gastric biopsy specimens.

• 19495976(Transcription Factor AP-1): Involvement of Ras and AP-1 in Helicobacter pylori-induced expression of COX-2 and iNOS in gastric epithelial AGS cells.

  In conclusion , H. pylori in a Korean isolate induces the expression of COX-2 and iNOS via AP-1 activation , which may be mediated by Ras and the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in gastric epithelial cells.

• 3142689(Transcription Factors): The jun proto-oncogene is positively autoregulated by its product, Jun/AP-1.

  Induction of jun transcription in response to TPA is mediated by binding of Jun/AP -1 to a high-affinity AP-1 binding site in the jun promoter region.

• 1429597(JunD): Transcriptional cross-talk: nuclear factors CREM and CREB bind to AP-1 sites and inhibit activation by Jun.

  The proteins Fos and Jun dimerize to constitute the transcription factor AP-1 which is known to respond to treatment with phorbol esters.