glutamine→L-Lactate Dehydrogenase→pyruvate kinase

• 17689840(glutamine): Short-term alanyl-glutamine dipeptide pretreatment in liver ischemia-reperfusion model: effects on microcirculation and antioxidant status in rats.

  The aim of our study was to examine the effect of glutamine (Gln) supplementation -- adminstered in alanyl-glutamine dipeptide form -- on liver function , immuno/histopathology and the oxidative state of the liver after injury.

• 16552804(L-Lactate Dehydrogenase): Alanyl-glutamine dipeptide inhibits hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

  To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide (Ala-Gln) against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

• 9441794(pyruvate kinase): Phosphoenolpyruvate prevents the decline in hepatic ATP and energy charge after ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats.

  The aim of this study was to examine the effects of PEP on hepatic energy metabolism at an early phase after ischemia and reperfusion were examined in rats.